Recent scientific research has identified the likely location of a future eruption of the Yellowstone supervolcano, although experts emphasize that this event is not expected for hundreds of thousands of years. The study, published in the journal Nature, highlights a significant finding: the magma reservoirs are concentrated in the northeastern region of Yellowstone, particularly near Sour Creek Dome.
The research team utilized advanced instruments deployed around the Yellowstone area to map mini-fields and uncover hidden pockets of magma. This mapping revealed that the magma is stored in four distinct reservoirs located deep beneath the surface, approximately six to seven miles (9.6 to 11.2 kilometers) down. While this finding may raise concerns about volcanic activity, scientists assure that the caldera is not poised to erupt anytime soon.
The study suggests that the magma in these reservoirs is currently stable and not mobile. It is estimated that only about 20% or less of the pore spaces within these reservoirs are filled with magma. According to Ninfa Bennington, a volcano seismologist at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, “We have a much lower concentration of magma in these pore spaces, so a lot fewer of the pore spaces are filled with magma.” This finding implies that more than 40% of the pore spaces would need to be filled for an eruption to occur.
The team’s analysis indicates that deep rocks in the northeastern region are heating the magma trapped within the crust. However, despite this heating, experts maintain that the caldera's magma is not in a position to erupt in the near future. The research underscores that a significant volume of magma resides below Yellowstone, but it does not represent an immediate threat.
Further investigation revealed that the timing of any potential eruption remains uncertain. Scientists suggest that before an eruption can take place, the mantle rocks in this region must lose contact with the magma reservoir. This geological process is expected to take an extensive period, reinforcing the view that there is no forthcoming eruption risk.
Yellowstone National Park, known for its geothermal features and stunning landscapes, sits atop one of the world’s largest active volcanic systems. This research provides critical insights into the behavior and storage of magma beneath the park, contributing to a broader understanding of supervolcano dynamics.
