It calls on 19 countries to adopt universal rubella-containing vaccines (RCVs) in order to combat the disturbing incidence of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Rubella, known as German measles, is a contagious viral infection. In people, it presents as a non-specific mild febrile rash illness seen in both children and adults. If exposure occurs during pregnancy, the impact is often devastating. They can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or a whole range of birth defects in babies born alive.
This week the WHO began to act on an alarming forecast. If RCVs are not introduced, an estimated 1.03 million cases of congenital rubella syndrome would occur between 2025 and 2055 across these 19 countries. Without smarter intervention, the health and economic costs caused by CRS may grow exponentially. By 2023, these countries documented about 28,000 cases of CRS. This figure accounts for a remarkable 78% of all CRS cases globally.
Impact of Rubella Infection During Pregnancy
Fetal health is seriously threatened in cases of maternal rubella infection during the first trimester of pregnancy. Serious complications can arise, sometimes leading to fetal death. In addition, congenital rubella syndrome can occur, causing serious birth defects. These complications include heart defects, hearing impairments and developmental delays, which can create lifelong difficulties for those affected and their loved ones.
“The healthcare costs associated with CRS cases are substantial, and rubella vaccination has been shown to be cost-effective in high- and middle-income countries,” stated the authors of a recent study on rubella vaccination. This demonstrates the huge economic benefits of rolling out vaccination programs and adds to the case for protecting preventive health efforts.
The authors noted a critical gap in research, stating, “No similar studies have been conducted in low-income countries in Africa or Asia.” This absence of data can sow confusion and forestall attempts to get the best vaccination strategies into the places they’ll do the most good.
The Role of Rubella-Containing Vaccines
Furthermore, the introduction of RCVs into all routine immunization programs is critical for eliminating rubella and CRS. As of 2023, 175 of the 194 WHO member countries—almost 90%—had adopted RCVs into their immunization schedules. The WHO’s recommendations for the remaining 19 countries aim to ensure that these nations do not fall behind in global health initiatives.
“A single dose of rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) can provide lifelong protection against rubella,” emphasized the study’s authors. This short comment underscores the promise that lies in a straightforward vaccination strategy. When implemented well, that vaccine can and should finish the job—eradicating rubella and its preventable risks.
Through targeted catch-up and follow-up immunization activities, we can prevent the grave impact of congenital rubella syndrome from occurring. Even if the coverage of measles-containing vaccines never rises above 80%, we can prevent more than 986,000 measles infections and maintain fewer than 60,000 cases of CRS.
Global Health Implications
The WHO’s work to expand access to RCVs is emblematic of a larger dedication to realizing positive health impacts worldwide. On the ground, health organizations are following the compelling interests of vulnerable populations. They focus on preventive care to reduce the incidence of rubella and prevent its severe complications.
The urgency of vaccinating against rubella is matched only by the tremendous prospective public health benefit to be gained. The WHO’s recommendation should serve as a rallying cry for policymakers. It gives them hope by reassuring their belief that meaningful solutions exist.
