The United States, a founding member of the World Health Organization (WHO) since 1948, is set to withdraw from the international health body following an executive order signed by President Donald Trump. Citing dissatisfaction with WHO's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and other global health issues, the executive order alleges that the organization has failed to implement necessary reforms and has been unduly influenced by certain member states. This decision not only highlights concerns about the current state of international health cooperation but also raises questions about the future of global health funding.
The executive order outlines several key criticisms of the WHO, including its purported mishandling of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the order, WHO has not made urgent improvements and has allowed some member states to exert undue political influence over its operations. Additionally, President Trump's administration has emphasized the financial disparity in contributions to the WHO, with the U.S. paying $500 million annually compared to China's $39 million. The U.S. contributions account for over 10% of WHO's budget, while China's contributions make up less than 3%.
The funding mechanism for the WHO involves two primary sources: assessed contributions and voluntary contributions. Assessed contributions are based on a country's capacity to pay, which considers both population size and economic wealth. In contrast, voluntary contributions can be allocated as countries see fit. For the 2024-2025 period, the U.S. is projected to provide $442 million in voluntary contributions, whereas China is expected to contribute a mere $2.5 million.
Despite the impending withdrawal, funding for the WHO through 2025 remains secured, including contributions from the United States. However, this decision may have significant consequences for low- and middle-income countries that heavily rely on WHO funding for their health programs and infrastructure. These nations could face challenges in maintaining their health systems without the critical support previously facilitated by U.S. funding.
Experts and stakeholders have raised concerns about this move's broader implications on international health cooperation. David McCoy, a public health expert, commented on the situation:
"It would signal an attack by the largest and most economically powerful country in the world on international health cooperation." – David McCoy
The decision to withdraw comes amid a backdrop of global challenges that necessitate robust international collaboration. Critics argue that distancing from the WHO could undermine efforts to manage not only current pandemics but also future global health threats.
