The Democratic Republic of Congo is currently engulfed in a severe conflict as fighting intensifies between government forces and rebels allegedly backed by Rwanda. The volatile situation has led to a significant diplomatic rift, with Congo severing ties with Rwanda. This comes amid reports of the M23 rebel group, composed mainly of ethnic Tutsis who defected from the Congolese army over a decade ago, making substantial territorial advances along the Rwandan border. The conflict has resulted in the displacement of thousands of civilians, with many seeking refuge across borders.
The mineral-rich region of eastern Congo is a hotspot for conflict, with approximately 100 armed groups vying for control. The United Nations has stationed a peacekeeping force in the region for over two decades, currently consisting of around 14,000 personnel. Despite their presence, violence has escalated, claiming the lives of at least 13 peacekeepers and foreign soldiers. Recent casualties include seven South African troops from the Southern African Development Community Mission and two serving with the U.N. force. A Uruguayan peacekeeper was also reported killed on Saturday.
The M23 rebel group's resurgence has led to accusations against Rwanda from Congo, the United States, and U.N. experts of supporting these rebels. Rwanda, however, denies these claims but acknowledges having troops and missile systems stationed in eastern Congo for its security. U.N. experts estimate up to 4,000 Rwandan forces are present in the region.
Congo's military, supported by allied forces including U.N. troops and those from the Southern African Development Community Mission, has reportedly repelled an M23 offensive. However, the situation remains dire for civilians caught in the crossfire. Safi Shangwe, a displaced resident, expressed fear and desperation:
"We are fleeing because we saw soldiers on the border with Rwanda throwing bombs and shooting."
Thousands have been displaced, with many attempting to flee through the "Great Barrier" border crossing east of Goma. Adèle Shimiye, another displaced person, voiced her uncertainty:
"We are going to Goma, but I heard that there are bombs in Goma, too, so now we don’t know where to go."
The U.N. Security Council has expedited an emergency meeting to address the escalating violence in eastern Congo. Meanwhile, Rwanda has responded to Congo's diplomatic actions with criticism. Olivier Nduhungirehe commented on their response:
"For us, we took appropriate measures to evacuate our remaining diplomat in Kinshasa, who was under permanent threat by Congolese officials. And this was achieved on Friday, one day before the publication of this so-called note verbale on social media."
The border region remains tense, with hundreds seeking refuge across the border in search of safety. Muahadi Amani shared his resolve to find a more secure location:
"I am crossing to the other side to see if we will have a place of refuge because for the moment, security in the city is not guaranteed."
