Recent research has unveiled that the human brain processes information at a significantly slower rate than previously assumed. While it absorbs sensory data at a staggering rate of over one billion bits per second, the actual processing speed of the brain is limited to just 10 bits per second. This discrepancy sheds light on the intricate workings of how humans think and perceive their environment.
The study highlights that a single neuron can fire quickly enough to transmit information at this maximum rate of 10 bits per second. Notably, even individuals with exceptional memory capabilities, such as record-holding memory experts, operate within this same limit. Essentially, everyone, regardless of cognitive prowess, thinks and processes information at this relatively slow speed.
The research further divides brain function into two distinct modes: the "outer brain" and the "inner brain." The outer brain is responsible for absorbing vast amounts of data, processing millions of bits at a time. In contrast, the inner brain focuses on one small portion of this data, effectively filtering and prioritizing what is most relevant. This dual operation is crucial for effective information processing.
Meanwhile, the peripheral nervous system contributes to this phenomenon by gathering environmental data at speeds comparable to a lightning-fast internet connection. However, despite this high data intake, the brain’s actual processing speed remains perplexingly low. Researchers determined this speed limit by calculating the number of bits required to perform tasks and dividing it by the time taken to complete those tasks. Activities such as solving a Rubik's Cube or memorizing a deck of cards were used to establish these findings.
Researchers noted, “That number is ridiculously small compared with any information rate we encounter in daily life.” They compared this slow processing speed to our everyday experiences, stating, “For example, we get anxious when the speed of the home WiFi network drops below 100 megabits per second because that might compromise our enjoyment of Netflix shows.” This analogy underscores how drastically slower our brain's processing capabilities are compared to modern digital experiences.
The interplay between the outer brain and inner brain is essential for navigating information. Yet, questions remain regarding how these two systems communicate effectively. Zheng, one of the researchers involved in the study, expressed hope for future investigations: “How does it choose which 10 bits per second we are paying attention to? We are really hoping that people can go deeper into this.”
As scientists continue to explore these brain functions, the need for further studies becomes increasingly evident. Understanding how these two brain systems interact could unravel more about our cognitive processes and the limitations inherent within them.
