The conflict in South Sudan has once again escalated, raising concerns about the stability of the country and the viability of the 2018 peace agreement. The ongoing clashes have displaced over a million people and resulted in the deaths of more than 400,000 individuals. This crisis, rooted in ethnic differences and power struggles, has further strained the fragile peace process facilitated by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) trading bloc.
Recent skirmishes have resulted in the deaths of at least five civilians, as reported by the Radio Tamazuj station. The violence has also exacerbated the humanitarian crisis in the region, with more than 7.6 million people facing food shortages and one in every four children suffering from malnutrition. The World Food Programme (WFP) is grappling with a $412 million funding shortfall, hampering efforts to provide essential aid.
Peace Talks and Political Strains
In a bid to address the escalating conflict, the two primary warring factions have agreed to engage in talks. These discussions include various groups that have aligned with each side during the prolonged civil war. However, tensions remain high as accusations fly between the factions. The Sudan People's Liberation Movement-In Opposition (SPLM/IO), led by Riek Machar, has voiced opposition to certain aspects of the 2018 peace deal, arguing that it could undermine previously agreed terms.
“This [Kiir’s] action violates the Revitalised Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan. … This act puts the entire agreement at risk,” said Deng, SPLM/IO spokesman.
The SPLM/IO has been accused of collaborating with an "armed youth militia" in Nasir County, further complicating peace efforts. Government officials urge restraint and emphasize their commitment to stabilizing the region.
“We are calling on them to control their forces. … The government is in full control of the situation, and we are in the process of addressing the situation in Nasir,” stated Michael Makuei Lueth, South Sudan’s information minister.
Humanitarian Crisis Deepens
The ongoing conflict has significantly worsened South Sudan's humanitarian situation. The war-torn nation now faces a dire food crisis, with millions experiencing severe shortages. The WFP reports that one in four children is malnourished, underscoring the urgent need for international support and funding.
The influx of refugees from neighboring Sudan has compounded these challenges. More than a million people have crossed into South Sudan, fleeing violence in their homeland. This massive displacement has put additional pressure on already limited resources and complicated efforts to deliver aid to those in need.
The SPLM/IO has historically been involved in providing assistance within South Sudan since 1989, aiding approximately 1.5 million people. However, recent conflicts have hindered these efforts, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive peace and cooperation.
“If the disputes are not resolved, particularly in Nasir County, and if the parties do not commit to fully implementing all security arrangements, the risk of renewed conflict will remain, threatening the country’s stability. Genuine political commitment is now required to salvage the peace process,” warned Mohammed Akot, a pro-democracy activist.
Regional and International Involvement
The 2018 peace deal aimed to unify the warring factions' armies under a single command, draft a new constitution, and set the stage for general elections. However, recent developments have cast doubt on these objectives' realization. Regional leaders and international bodies are increasingly concerned about South Sudan's stability and are calling for immediate action.
Kenyan President William Ruto has emphasized the importance of dialogue between South Sudan's leaders to foster peace and stability.
“I implored both leaders to engage in dialogue towards fostering peace in the country, even as the region works towards the stabilisation of South Sudan under IGAD’s Strategic Framework,” said William Ruto.
Efforts are underway to explore viable paths forward for South Sudan through regional consultations.
“I also informed the two leaders that regional consultations are underway to determine the best path forward for the situation in South Sudan,” added President Ruto.
