A recent genetic study has unveiled two previously unknown species of crocodiles residing on Cozumel Island and Banco Chinchorro Atoll, located off Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula. These results go against a widely held assumption that reptiles are rare in these areas. The first is that they are not just subspecies of the American crocodile, Crocodylus acutus. This surprising reality further underscores the critical need for focused, protective conservation efforts to ensure these populations—some of which are especially vulnerable—are safeguarded.
Scientists have teamed up to produce the most complete genetic analysis of crocodiles along the entire length of Mexico’s Pacific coast, Central America and the Caribbean. The research revealed that the crocodiles from Cozumel and Banco Chinchorro each harbor their own distinct genetic markers. These genetic markers are unambiguous in separating them from American crocodile species. Combined, both populations are quite small, numbering 500 individuals each. Their unusual genetic diversity raises conservation concerns that call for crucial clarifications on their IUCN status.
Researchers have found some clear physical and genetic differences between crocodiles on Banco Chinchorro and those on nearby Cozumel. Specifically, the Banco Chinchorro crocs have a longer and wider snout, which deepens the distinction between them as separate species. This morphological difference does a great job of illustrating how these populations have transformed and adapted. The high genetic divergence suggests a long history of adaptation to particular environments.
Both Cozumel Island and Banco Chinchorro Atoll have become increasingly threatened as human activities, including urbanization, pollution, and tourism, encroach on these protected areas. These external threats further imperil the habitats essential for the continued survival of these recently discovered species. As the paper’s authors note, urgent action is needed to reduce these dangers.
“Now that we recognize these crocodiles as distinct species, it’s crucial to protect their habitats,” – Hans Larsson
The finding of these new species is especially timely considering the larger picture of crocodile conservation. American crocodiles have a large range, spanning 18 countries from southern Florida down through northern South America and the Caribbean. Now even the small populations on Cozumel and Banco Chinchorro are threatened with isolation. Their restricted ranges and few populations make them especially susceptible.
While they may seem secure right now, these crocodiles’ futures are anything but stable. Conservationists have long highlighted the importance of capping sprawl. Their research highlights the importance of targeted habitat management strategies in order to be more effective in supporting long-term persistence. The findings from this research will be published in the journal Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, providing a valuable resource for ongoing conservation efforts.
