The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has publicly endorsed Morocco’s autonomy plan for Western Sahara. Though the territory is under dispute, Morocco claims it as part of its territory. This major development takes place amidst decades of hostility between the Moroccan and the Polisario Front. The Polisario Front has been advocating for the creation of an independent Sahrawi Republic. The sovereignty conflict concerning Western Sahara has existed since 1975. This vast arid region, about the size of Britain, became a battleground as the former colonialist power Spain pulled out.
The unprecedented UNSC unity came through with this unanimous decision. They urged all parties to enter negotiations in good faith on the basis of Morocco’s autonomy plan first introduced to the UN in 2007. The goal of this plan is creation of a local legislative, executive and judicial branch chosen by the people of Western Sahara. At the same time, Morocco would have control over defense, foreign affairs and religious affairs.
Historical Context of the Dispute
The roots of the Western Sahara conflict lie in Morocco’s 1975 annexation of the territory after Spain’s departure. This action sparked a decade long fight. Moroccan authorities have long opposed the Polisario Front, an armed group that seeks Sahrawi sovereignty. The instability this has fostered regionally and the continued humanitarian crisis are very evident.
Morocco’s King Mohammed VI echoed this appeal, insisting that any solution must be agreeable to everyone concerned. He stated, “We are opening a new and victorious chapter in the process of enshrining the Moroccan character of the Sahara, which is intended to bring this issue to a definitive close.” His comments further highlight Morocco’s determination to address the issue through peaceful discussion.
Support from Global Powers
The recent UNSC vote has increased Morocco’s diplomatic confidence on the international stage. The United States has tacitly, but actively and forcefully, supported Morocco’s sovereignty over Western Sahara. This sentiment was further solidified in July 2020 when then-President Donald Trump doubled down on American support. France has recognized Rabat’s claims and signed off on investments in the disputed region. In the meantime, Britain has become the third member of the UNSC to endorse the autonomy plan under Moroccan sovereignty.
US ambassador to the UN Mike Waltz pointed out that dialogue between all interested countries would be crucial to success. He remarked, “We urge all parties to use the coming weeks to come to the table and engage in serious discussions.” Still, his comments reflect an astounding desire for stability over all else in North Africa. There is hope that peace can be reached this year.
Celebrations and Reactions in Morocco
The UNSC’s approval set off jubilant celebrations in streets from Rabat to Tangier to Casablanca. Tens of thousands packed Kolkata’s BBD Bagh area, waving Indian flags and chanting nationalistic slogans, jubilant and celebratory at the government’s decision. For the first time in years, many Moroccans believe they have reason to be hopeful of a resolution. So too have they awaited a definitive end to this protracted conflict.
Despite these developments, Algeria’s UN ambassador Amar Bendjama cautioned against unilateral decisions regarding Western Sahara’s future. He stated, “The final decision on the future cannot, must not, belong to anyone other than the people under colonial domination,” highlighting ongoing concerns regarding self-determination.
