Breakthrough research into hydrogel batteries has unveiled exciting improvements that may help transform energy storage as we know it, especially for electric vehicles. Scientists have formulated these batteries with water-based electrolytes, allowing them to operate as a significantly safer alternative to conventional lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Hydrogel batteries have amazing features like being nonflammable and self-healing, and being able to work in extreme cold or heat.
The water weight fraction in these hydrogel batteries can reach 19% at 50% RH. Their high and ordered water content imparts to them exceptional properties. This flexibility means that they can operate without the hard packaging traditionally required with Li-ion batteries. Consequently, they are an attractive choice for electric vehicle designers looking to improve range and safety.
Safety Features of Hydrogel Batteries
One of the most distinctive features of hydrogel batteries is their nonflammable property. In contrast to Li-ion batteries, which risk leakage or even explosions, hydrogel batteries present a much safer option. Through their design, combustible materials are at very low risk of overheating/combustion. This safety mechanism makes them incredibly appealing to be used in electric vehicles, for which vehicle safety is paramount.
Additionally, hydrogel batteries exhibit remarkable self-healing properties. If these batteries do take a cut, they can bounce back to about 90% of their former selves. This extreme durability means that they are capable of maintaining robust operation under physical trauma that would otherwise destroy conventional battery systems.
Hydrogel batteries have previously proven stable ambient operation over 500+ charge-discharge cycles over a month. This relative stability even under extreme pH or temperature conditions further supports their use over extended time periods for energy storage applications.
Performance and Capacity
When it comes to performance, hydrogel batteries have a higher capacity of 50-150 Wh/kg. Hydrogel batteries are not as high performing, with capacities of 100 to 150 Wh/kg versus traditional Li-ion batteries that can achieve 200-300 Wh/kg. Yet, in certain use cases, the advantages of hydrogel batteries can far exceed this capacity disparity. Their capacity to operate safely and efficiently with lack of strict packaging not only fosters design innovation, but promotes safety more broadly.
Scientists are currently investigating the use of hydrogel batteries in electric vehicles. As the need for safer, more efficient energy storage solutions increases, breakthrough batteries are making their mark. In fact, they could greatly increase the range and consumer confidence of EVs. It is their unusual qualities that make them so important in architecting the future of safe, equitable, sustainable transportation.
The Future of Hydrogel Batteries
As scientists work to improve hydrogel battery technology, the impact on energy and automotive industries, and society as a whole, could be significant. The mix of safety, efficiency, and adaptability factors introduced by hydrogel batteries make them a hot research field. Researchers are hopeful that continued improvements will increase their performance measures and expand the range of their application.
