Newly published research indicates that modifying lithium-ion batteries with a unique coating could significantly enhance charging efficiency in sub-zero temperatures. Our fresh, off-the-press study published in Joule on March 17 tells a pretty thrilling story. With this finding, researchers found that a razor-thin layering of lithium borate–carbonate, combined with new structural pathways in the anode, can enhance charging rates by an astounding 500% even at –10°C (14°F).
Neil Dasgupta, who is an associate professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at the University of Michigan, directs the team of researchers. Their goal is to develop new “pathways” through the anode. These pathways make it much easier for lithium ions to move, enabling quicker charging. This new innovation builds on methods created during a major study in 2020. While that study was focused on optimizing battery performance through changes to the anode,
Research Findings and Implications
This new Consumer Reports study illustrates some critical findings for EV manufacturers. It goes beyond just helping consumers overcome battery performance issues in cold climates. Typical approaches look to increase the thickness of the electrode or change the structure of the battery. Yet, these solutions often come with their own sets of drawbacks.
In the process, Dasgupta’s team achieved an incredible breakthrough. They proved that their coated lithium-ion batteries held onto 97% of their capacity after being fast-charged 100 times in sub-zero temperatures. That resilience hints at the potential for the new method to become a regular practice across the battery manufacturing sector.
“We envision this approach as something that EV battery manufacturers could adopt without major changes to existing factories,” – Neil Dasgupta
Overcoming Previous Challenges
Prior work suggested that changing electrolyte formulation might come at the expense of fast-charging ability. Recent studies have shown an incredibly promising development. By modifying the structural design of the battery cell and optimizing chemical reactions during charging, we’re now able to deliver extreme fast charging at low temperatures, all while keeping the energy density of lithium-ion batteries.
Their advanced surface coating, just 20 nanometers thick, performs very well in parallel with the newly created channels. Together, this combination significantly increases charging efficiency. It addresses the increasingly prevalent worry for EV consumers regarding battery range in winter months.
“That plating prevents the entire electrode from being charged, once again reducing the battery’s energy capacity,” – Manoj Jangid
Future Prospects for Electric Vehicles
Going forward, this collaborative effort marks the beginning of something profound. A shift in the electric vehicle ecosystem. Advanced battery innovation would go a long way toward boosting Americans’ confidence in electric vehicles. With some ranges well over 600 miles on one charge, adoption rates will increase dramatically.
Dasgupta’s research opens new avenues for battery design. These designs are driven by the overall performance enhancement benefits and they provide manufacturers powerful tools to overcome their pressing issues today. Industry champions are already working to drive these innovations. They are set up to massively improve electric vehicle capabilities and user experience.
