The Southern African Development Community (SADC) has announced its decision to withdraw troops from the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a move that comes amid the ongoing conflict with the M23 rebel group. The SADC mission, which was deployed in December 2023, aimed to support the DRC government in restoring peace and security. However, with at least 7,000 people reported dead since the conflict began, the situation remains dire.
South Africa has contributed significantly to the SADC mission, with an estimated 1,000 soldiers forming the bulk of the Southern African Mission in the DRC (SAMIDRC). Unfortunately, South Africa suffered a loss of 14 soldiers in January, highlighting the dangers faced by the deployment. Additionally, three Malawian troops were also killed in the conflict.
Strategic Withdrawal and Its Implications
The SADC summit concluded with a directive for a phased withdrawal of SAMIDRC troops. This decision potentially weakens President Felix Tshisekedi's position, as he has previously refused to engage in dialogue with M23 rebels. The announced drawdown of troops could complicate efforts to stabilize the region.
Despite the withdrawal, there is a glimmer of hope as Angola's presidential office revealed that direct talks between the DRC and M23 are scheduled to commence next week.
"Following the steps taken by the Angolan mediation … delegations from the DRC and the M23 will begin direct peace talks on March 18 in the city of Luanda," Angola's presidential office stated.
While Kinshasa prefers a brief negotiation process, it may extend over time, depending on President Tshisekedi's decisions regarding governmental representation.
Regional Reactions and Concerns
Rwanda's Foreign Minister Olivier Nduhungirehe expressed approval of the SADC's decision to withdraw troops.
He described it as "a good decision that will contribute to peace" in eastern DRC.
However, Rwanda has been accused by UN experts of backing the M23 group and maintaining thousands of troops in the region. Although Rwanda denies providing military assistance to the rebels, these allegations have further complicated regional dynamics.
The Congolese government remains cautious about Rwanda's involvement.
A Congolese government source emphasized that "even if there is direct contact with M23, this will not exclude Kigali’s responsibility."
Calls for Urgency and Future Prospects
The SADC chairperson and Zimbabwean President Emmerson Mnangagwa underscored the need for a "greater sense of urgency" in resolving the conflict in eastern DRC. The ongoing violence has heightened concerns over regional stability and humanitarian consequences.
As diplomatic efforts are set to intensify, the DRC government must navigate complex political landscapes. The head of state will play a crucial role in determining the course of negotiations and selecting representatives for upcoming talks.
"This is a process that is beginning," remarked a Congolese government source. "Kinshasa wants it to be short but it could be long, and it will be up to the head of state to decide on the people who will represent the government side."
