A powerful solar outburst, known as a coronal mass ejection (CME), is forecast to graze Earth's magnetic field this weekend, potentially lighting up the skies with colorful auroras across much of the northern United States. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center, the CME erupted from the sun on January 21 and is expected to impact Earth's magnetic field late Friday night or early Saturday morning.
As charged particles from the sun collide with Earth's magnetosphere, they create auroras by striking atmospheric molecules along their paths toward the North and South poles. This phenomenon could make vibrant skylights visible to millions of skywatchers in regions like northern Michigan and Maine. To enhance viewing opportunities, enthusiasts are advised to find locations far from artificial light sources, using a dark-sky map if necessary.
The impact of this solar storm could trigger a minor G1-class geomagnetic storm, which may result in temporary disruptions to Earth's magnetic field. Although G1 events are the weakest class of geomagnetic storms and typically go unnoticed by most people, they can cause radio blackouts, power grid fluctuations, and satellite malfunctions, among other effects.
This weekend's auroras are part of a broader pattern of increased solar activity as our star has recently entered the peak of its 11-year activity cycle, known as solar maximum. Astronomers announced this phase in October 2024, indicating that several years of heightened solar phenomena are likely to follow, offering more opportunities to witness dazzling auroras.
For those who miss this weekend's celestial display, there is no need for concern. The cycle of solar weather, including CMEs and geomagnetic storms, will continue to be more active during the solar maximum, providing numerous chances to experience these natural light shows.
